Herpes zoster - 帶狀皰疹
脖子和肩膀上帶狀皰疹水泡
References
帶狀皰疹是由導致水痘的水痘帶狀皰疹病毒重新活化引起的，在美國每年影響約 100 萬人，終生患病風險為 30%。免疫系統較弱的人更容易患帶狀皰疹，症狀通常以不適、頭痛和輕微發燒開始，然後在出現皮疹前幾天出現不尋常的皮膚感覺。這種皮疹通常出現在身體的特定區域，在一周到十天內從透明水泡發展為結痂的瘡口。皮疹出現後 72 小時內及時使用抗病毒藥物治療 (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) 至關重要。帶狀皰疹後神經痛是一種常見併發症，其特徵是受影響區域長期疼痛，影響約五分之一的患者，需要持續使用加巴噴丁、普加巴林或某些抗憂鬱藥物等藥物以及利多卡因或辣椒素等外用藥物進行治療。建議 50 歲及以上的成年人接種水痘帶狀皰疹病毒疫苗，以降低帶狀皰疹的風險。
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster 在 50 歲及以上的人群、免疫系統較弱的人群以及服用免疫抑制劑的人群中更常見。它是由水痘帶狀皰疹病毒重新活化引發的，水痘帶狀皰疹病毒與引起水痘的病毒相同。發燒、疼痛和搔癢等症狀通常先於特徵性皮疹出現。最常見的併發症是帶狀皰疹後神經痛，即皮疹消失後持續的神經疼痛。與帶狀皰疹相關的危險因子和併發症因年齡、免疫健康狀況和開始治療的時間而異。 60歲以上人士接種疫苗已被證明可顯著減少帶狀皰疹和帶狀皰疹後神經痛的發生。在皮疹出現後 72 小時內開始使用抗病毒藥物和止痛藥可以減輕帶狀皰疹和帶狀皰疹後神經痛的嚴重程度和併發症。
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
核准前的臨床試驗顯示，帶狀皰疹活疫苗的效果約為50%至70%，而重組疫苗的效果較好，為90%至97%。在現實世界的研究中，他們支持了試驗結果，顯示活疫苗的有效性約為 46%，而重組疫苗的有效性約為 85%。
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
水痘，也稱為水痘，是由病毒初次感染引起的，通常發生在兒童期或青春期。一旦水痘治愈，病毒可以在人類神經細胞中保持不活躍（休眠）數年或數十年，之後可能會重新激活。 帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 當休眠的水痘病毒重新激活時的結果。然後病毒沿著神經體傳播到皮膚的神經末梢，產生水泡。在 帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 爆發期間，暴露於 帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 中發現的水痘病毒對於尚未患過水痘的人來說，水泡可能會導致水痘。
休眠病毒重新活化的危險因子包括年老、免疫功能不佳以及 18 個月前感染過水痘。水痘帶狀皰疹病毒與單純皰疹病毒不同，儘管兩者屬於同一皰疹病毒家族。
帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 疫苗可降低 帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 的風險50% 至 90%。它還可以降低帶狀皰疹後神經痛的發生率，並且，如果 帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 發生，其嚴重性。如果 帶狀皰疹 (herpes zoster) 如果在皮疹出現後 72 小時內開始使用阿昔洛韋等抗病毒藥物，可以減少疾病的嚴重程度和持續時間。
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